Sustainable Planning Indicators: North Kazakhstan Case
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2026.10-04Keywords:
economic sustainability, planning, small cities, social infrastructure, sustainable architectureAbstract
This study develops and tests a quantitative indicator system to assess sustainable development in small urban districts in Kazakhstan. The research addresses the lack of measurable tools for small settlements, although they are important for sustainable territorial planning. Its novelty lies in using official socio-economic passport data to build a reproducible system of 18 indicators grouped into demographic, economic and resource-pressure, social-infrastructure, and spatial blocks. The study applied a quantitative case study method using the Bulaevo Urban District in the North Kazakhstan Region as of January 1, 2025. Standardized indicators were compared with regulatory benchmarks, and block and integrated sustainability indices were calculated. The integrated index was 0.19, indicating a low level of sustainability. The main deficits concerned preschool education, employment structure, and agricultural land use. The proposed system can support local authorities in monitoring sustainability, setting planning priorities, expanding preschool infrastructure, diversifying employment, and reducing pressure on agricultural land.
Downloads
References
OECD, Reinforcing Rural Resilience. OECD Rural Studies. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2025. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/7cd485e3-en
A. Krasnikov, O. Korotun, Simulation Model for Predicting Ecological Condition of Urban Areas at Traffic Intersections. E3S Web of Conferences, 515, 2024, 03011. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451503011
N.A.S. Hasnash, B.A.H. Bedewy, Z.A. Nasar, A Sustainable Digital Framework: Analysis of Sustainable Environmental Design Indicators for the Sultan Complex in the City of Najaf. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 21 (2), 2026, 739-755. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.210224
G. Nyussupova, L. Kenespayeva, D. Tazhiyeva, M. Kadylbekov, Sustainable Urban Development Assessment: Large Cities in Kazakhstan. Urbani izziv, 33 (1), 2022, 70-81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2022-33-01-01
A. Krasnikov, I. Nikishina, N. Rebus, K. Grabovyy, Transport Planning of a Metropolis Street Using Simulation Modeling. E3S Web of Conferences, 403, 2023, 07002. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340307002
N.D. Samushkin, Pravo i ekonomika v kontekste tekhnologicheskikh revolyutsiy. Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve, 17 (5), 2024, 26-30 (in Russian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2024-17-5-026-030
N. Appasova, A. Kornilova, K. Tesler, M. Tashtamirov, L. Anikina, Planning, Architectural, and Construction Solutions to Create a Comfortable Environment for Small Cities Near Megacities. Construction Materials and Products, 8 (4), 2025, 10-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2025-8-4-10
T.V. Portnova, Futurism Concept in the Design and Architectural Solutions of the 20th and Early 21st Centuries. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 11 (3), 2023, 1125-1136. Doi: https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110302
N.A. Abuov, G.S. Iliasova, S.K. Ualieva, Malyye Goroda Severo-Kazakhstanskoy Oblasti: Istoriya i Analiz Tekushchey Situatsii. Asian Journal “Steppe Panorama”, 12 (3), 2025, 679-695 (in Russian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_
I. Abdullayev, A. Rozhok, O. Levichev, M. Litwinowa, A. Trubcheninova, S. Levicheva, Digital Transformation in Agricultural Cluster Management: Interrelated Factors and Model Applicability. Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 13 (4), 2025, 1301-1308. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/25.1840
M. Logachev, D. Goncharov, Simulation Model of Crop Yields. BIO Web of Conferences, 93, 2024, 02015. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249302015
V. Bobkov, I. Shichkin, Chapter 18: Labour and Forced Migration into Post-Soviet Russia, in: Handbook on Migration and Development. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2024, 281-298. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789907131.00027
D. Liu, F. Li, M. Qiu, Y. Zhang, X. Zhao, J. He, An Integrated Framework for Measuring Sustainable Rural Development Towards the SDGs. Land Use Policy, 147, 2024, 107339. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107339
L.A. Balgarina, S.A. Jumabayev, Y.K. Shokamanov, Sustainable Development of Regions: Assessment Methodology and Analysis (Approbation for Kazakhstan). Economic Studies Journal, 34 (2), 2025, 179-198.
O. Korotun, D. Goncharov, Simulation Modeling in Environmental Aspect of Sustainable Development in Retail Sector. BIO Web of Conferences, 130, 2024, 08014. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413008014
N.K. Nurlanova, F.G. Alzhanova, Z.T. Satpayeva, Sustainable Development of Cities: Rating Assessment Methodology and Risk Analysis (Using Kazakhstan as an Example). Economy of Regions, 19 (2), 2023. 343-354. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-4
M.T. Yermekov, O.V. Rozhkova, S.G. Sandibekova, Ye.T. Tolysbayev, A.V. Vetyugov, O.A. Turbin, E.V. Belenko, Storage of the Industrial Waste of the Mining and Smelting Industry of Kazakhstan, Landfills Arrangement, Efficiency and Operational Features. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Series of Geology and Technical Sciences, 6 (444), 2020, 83-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170X.134
I.A. Rozhdestvenskaya, P.V. Stroev, Raznoobraziye usloviy i strategiy razvitiya monogorodov. Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki, 20 (5), 2024, 187-194 (in Russian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-5-187-194
A. Krasnikov, V. Simonov, S. Boykov, Features of Development of a Digital Twin of the Transport System of an Urban Area Using Simulation Modeling Methods. E3S Web of Conferences, 535, 2024, 04004. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453504004
Yu. Altunina, O. Korotun, I. Polevshchikov, Simulation Model of a Queuing System in the Service of State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. E3S Web of Conferences, 535, 2024, 05003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453505003
M. Safiullin, L. Elshin, A. Mingulov, Impact of Transformation of Foreign Economic Supply Chains on the Sustainability of Regional Economic Development. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 20 (9), 2025, 3895-3905. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.200920
V.S. Eliseev, Sootnosheniye sel'skokhozyaystvennogo i pravovogo regulirovaniya v sel'skokhozyaystvennom sadovodstve. Lobbirovaniye v zakonodatel'stve, 3 (4), 2024, 22-28 (in Russian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.33693/2782-7372-2024-3-4-22-28
V. Grankina, D. Vasilyev, Digital Transformation Modeling for Agricultural Land Irrigation. BIO Web of Conferences, 141, 2024, 02005. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414102005
I. Abdullayev, L. Battalova, G. Kostyleva, R. Enikeev, A. Khaliapin, A. Shelygov, Estratégias Para Um Planejamento Tributário Eficaz NA Gestão de Negócios. Relações Internacionais no Mundo, 3, 49, 2025, 351-363.
A.T. Aliev, K.V. Baldin, Otsenka sostoyaniya ustoychivosti razvitiya promyshlennogo proizvodstva s tsel'yu narashchivaniya ekonomicheskogo potentsiala strany. Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki, 20 (3), 2024, 174-178 (in Russian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-3-174-178
E. Kuandykova, D. Bekezhanov, I. Nessipbaeva, A. Rzabay, K. Jumabayeva, A. Zhuldybayeva, Regulation of Mechanisms for Management of Environmental Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources and Pastures. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19 (11), 2024, 4509-4517. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.191138
Z. Nokusheva, B. Nasiyev, E. Kantarbayeva, N. Zhanatalapov, A. Bekkaliyev, A. Khairush, A. Okshebayev, Bio-Organic Fertilizer Application for Forage Quality Improvement and Rangeland Restoration in Northern Kazakhstan's Steppe Ecosystems. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 20 (10), 2025, 2363-2373. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.201014
V. Grankina, I. Krasnikova, Y. Smirnova, I. Kulibaba, V. Barinov, Digital Transformation of the Educational Process in Schools of Kazakhstan: The Concept of Intelligent Assistant in School Physics Curriculum. Frontiers in Education, 11, 2026, 1766616. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1766616
I. Krasnikova, I. Dyakonova, O. Evdoshenko, Simulation Modeling as a Means of Integrating Infrastructure for Individual Mobility in Urban Environments. E3S Web of Conferences, 535, 2024, 04003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453504003
D. Ramazanova, A. Togaibayeva, A. Suguraliyeva, B. Zhubatyrova, G. Biissova, A. Bukhaeva, Evaluation of Pre-Service Teachers' Views on Their Ability to Use Instructional Technologies. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 13 (3), 2021, 428-436. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i3.5951
G. Saparov, Y. Dutbayev, A. Amanzholkyzy, K.R. Islam, K. Tireuov, N. Hakimov, E. Zudilova, R. Shichiyakh, O. Shoykin, B. Ganiyev, I. Otcheskiy, M. Trushin, A. Kozlov, Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination for Soil Reclamation: Implications for Sustainable Urban Development. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 19 (6), 2024, 2197-2204. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.190636
M. Logachev, Ya. Beresneva, Simulation Modeling of Forest Plantation Condition. BIO Web of Conferences, 93, 2024, 01017. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249301017
A. Saibulatova, D. Dyussenova, A. Yessenbayev, A. Toishiyeva, Semiotics of Architecture of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in an International Context. Project Baikal, 23 (87), 2026, 139-145. Doi: https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/87.2753
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nailya Appassova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC). CC BY-NC allows users to copy and distribute the article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes. The users may adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material giving appropriate credit, providing a link to the license. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
