Green Roof Retrofitting in Algeria Between Sustainability and Seismic Vulnerability

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2024.7-05

Keywords:

green roof, seismic performance, finite element, ecological transition

Abstract

Installing green roofs in urban areas is a sustainable practice towards the ecological transition, they offer many advantages with regards to reducing energy consumption, mitigating the urban heat island effect, managing runoff ...etc. In order to propagate this technique, green roofs have to be installed on the top of existing buildings, which can increase their vulnerability during seismic events. The present paper aims to evaluate the impact of green roof retrofitting on the seismic performance of a collective housing in Algeria. To this end, the finite element method was adopted to investigate the seismic-related parameters according to the Algerian seismic regulations. The studied reinforced concrete building is located in the district of Constantine (northern east of Algeria). It was found that the presence of concrete walls, recommended by the Algerian seismic regulations, increases the rigidity of the building, which reflects positively on the building’s natural period and displacements. As for the stress-related parameters, the reduced normal force does not increase much; however, a significant increase in the shear forces at the base due to green roof implementation was observed. It was also found that adding a green roof contributes more to the stabilizing moment than to the overturning one during an earthquake event. Hence, in the studied context, the presence of load-bearing concrete walls offers certain positive effects on green roof installation with regard to the seismic performance. Nevertheless, a thorough seismic investigation should be performed before installing green roofs on the top of existing collective housing in Algeria.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Mehdi Dib, Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire (CRAT)

Doctor of Science (Engineering) (Algeria, Constantine), Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire (CRAT), Researcher.

Salah Hadjout, Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire (CRAT), Campus Zouaghi Slimane, Route de Ain el Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.

Doctor of Science (Agronomic Sciences) (Algeria, Constantine), Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire (CRAT), Researcher.

References

T. Carter, L. Fowler, Establishing Green Roof Infrastructure through Environmental Policy Instruments. Environmental Management, 42, 2008,151-164. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9095-5

L.M. Cook, T.A. Larsen, Towards a Performance-based Approach for Multifunctional Green Roofs: An Interdisciplinary Review. Building and Environment, 188, 2021, 107489. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107489

M. Holečka, M. Jamnický, M. Krajčík, R. Rabenseifer, Extensive Roof Greenery as a Response to Heat Islands: Some Problems. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, 29 (4), 2021, 9-12.Doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2021-0022

N.S.G. Williams, J.P. Rayner, K.J. Raynor, Green roofs for a wide brown land: Opportunities and barriers for rooftop greening in Australia. Urban forestry & urban greening, 9 (3), 2010, 245-251. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.005

R. Taherkhani, S. Shaahnazari, N. Hashempour, F. Taherkhani, Sustainable Cities through the Right Selection of Vegetation Types for Green Roofs. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development,13(3),2022,365-388. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22712/susb.20220027

J.D. Magill, K. Midden, J. Groninger, M. Therrell, A history and Definition of Green Roof Technology with Recommendations for Future Research. Southern Illinois University, Research Papers, 2011, 91. Doi: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/91

F. Abass, L.H. Ismail, I.A. Wahab, A.A. Elgadi, A review of Green Roof: Definition, History, Evolution, and Functions. Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 713 (1), 2020, 012048. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/713/1/012048

V. Azeñas, J. Cuxart, R. Picos, H. Medrano, G. Simó, A. López-Grifol, J. Gulías, Thermal Regulation Capacity of a Green Roof System in the Mediterranean Region: The Effects of Vegetation and Irrigation Level. Energy and Buildings, 164, 2018, 226-238. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.01.010

L.M.D.O. da Costa, F.R.S. Lima, M.A. Maciel, R.D. Oliveira, Cooling Energy-Saving Potential of a Green Roof in Brazilian Climates. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, 13 (4), 2022, 414-435. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22712/susb.20220031

U. Berardi, A.H. GhaffarianHoseini, A. GhaffarianHoseini, State-of-the-Art Analysis of the Environmental Benefits of Green Roofs. Applied Energy, 115, 2014, 411-428.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.047

A. Palla, I. Gnecco, L.G. Lanza, Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment using Green Roofs. Water, 2 (2), 2010, 140-154. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w2020140

S. Ulubeyli, V. Arslan, A. Kazaz, Comparative Life Cycle Costing Analysis of Green Roofs: The Regional Aspect. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 5 (2), 2017, 136-144.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v5i2.94

E. Orsi, G. Crispino, C. Gisonni, The Hydraulic Performance of Green Roofs in Urban Environments: A Brief State-of-the-Art Analysis of Select Literature. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 21 (1), 2022, 1. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022021001

C. Brandão, M. do Rosário Cameira, F. Valente, R.C. de Carvalho, T.A. Paço, Wet Season Hydrological Performance of Green Roofs using Native Species Under Mediterranean Climate. Ecological Engineering, 102, 2017, 596-611. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.025

S. Cascone, The energy-efficient design of sustainable green roofs in Mediterranean climate: An experimental study. Energy and Buildings, 273, 2022, 112427.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112427

P.M. Klein, R. Coffman, Establishment and Performance of an Experimental Green Roof Under Extreme Climatic Conditions. Science of the Total Environment, 512, 2015, 82-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.020

B.S. Lin, C.C. Yu, A.T. Su, Y.J. Lin, Impact of Climatic Conditions on the Thermal Effectiveness of an Extensive Green Roof. Building and Environment, 67, 2013, 26-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.04.026

C. Van Mechelen, T. Dutoit, M. Hermy, Vegetation Development on Different Extensive Green Roof Types in a Mediterranean and Temperate Maritime Climate. Ecological Engineering, 82, 2015, 571-582. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.011

D.B. Rowe, Green Roofs as a Means of Pollution Abatement. Environmental Pollution,159 (8-9), 2011, 2100-2110. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.029

B.A. Currie, B. Bass, Estimates of Air Pollution Mitigation with Green Plants and Green Roofs using the UFORE Model. Urban Ecosystems, 11, 2008, 409-422. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0054-y

A. Nagase, N. Dunnett, Amount of Water Runoff from Different Vegetation Types on Extensive Green Roofs: Effects of Plant Species, Diversity, and Plant Structure. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104 (3-4), 2012, 356-363. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.001

A.J. Bates, J.P. Sadler, R. Mackay, Vegetation Development over Four Years on Two Green Roofs in the UK. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12 (1), 2013, 98-108. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2012.12.003

I. Abumoghli, A. Goncalves, Environmental Challenges in the MENA Region. Faith for Earth Updates, 2020.

N. Fezzioui, M. Benaichata, Green Roofs under Hot and Dry Climate in the South-West of Algeria: Study of the Implementation Conditions. A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 18 (2), 2021, 319-330. Doi: https://doi.org/doi:%2010.5505/itujfa.2021.04657

M.C. Lehtihet, A. Bouchair, The Impact of Extensive Green Roofs on the Improvement of Thermal Performance for Urban Areas in Mediterranean Climate with Reference to the City of Jijel in Algeria. AIP Conference Proceedings, Beirut, Lebanon, February 1-3, 2018. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039250

M.O. Carmody, M. Jasarevic, P. Omenzetter, G.C. Clifton, E.A. Fassman, Seismic Response of Green Roofs. Proceedings of the NZSEE Conference, New Zealand, 2009.

S.J. Welsh-Huggins, A.B. Liel, A Life-Cycle Framework for Integrating Green Building and Hazard-Resistant Design: Examining the Seismic Impacts of Buildings with Green Roofs, in: H. Furuta, M. Akiyama, D.M. Frangopol (eds.), Life-cycle of Structural Systems: Design, Assessment, Maintenance and Management, London, 13 (1), 2018, 19-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351204590

F. Bianchini, A.B.M.R. Haque, K. Hewage, M.S. Alam, Influence of Green Roofs on the Seismic Response of Frame Structures. Earthquakes and Structures, 11 (2), 2016, 265. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.2.265

S. Tam, J. Wong, Seismic Performance of a Green Roof Structure. Sustainability, 13 (8), 2021, 4278. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084278

O. Contreras, F. Nuñez, Influence of an Extensive Green Roof in the Non-Linear Structural Behavior of Self - Construction Households. Revista ingeniería de construcción, 36 (2), 2021, 157-172. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50732021000200157

E.A. Elhout, The Green Roof Effect on the Seismic Response of RC Frame Structures. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7 (1), 2022, 111. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00708-5

Règlement Parasismique Algérien (RPA 99 V2003) 2003.

Downloads

Published

09/17/2024

How to Cite

Dib, M., & Hadjout, S. (2024). Green Roof Retrofitting in Algeria Between Sustainability and Seismic Vulnerability. Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research, 7, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2024.7-05

Issue

Section

Articles