The Technological Alternatives for Energy and Hydraulic Improvements
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2022.2-011Keywords:
hydraulic resistance, attenuated energy, hydraulic turbine, corrector, water pipe, energy efficiency indicator, renewable energy, pressure managementAbstract
The problem of converting attenuated hydraulic energy into power energy in an artificial local resistance unit placed on a gravity drinking water pipeline (outlet control valve, pressure regulator) without disrupting the hydraulic regime of the water pipeline is examined. It is recommended to replace the regulator with the same resistance hydraulic turbine, and thus, with its corrective device, automatically adjust the consumption outlet of the water pipe. The energy and economic data of the hydraulic turbine unit to be built on the «Arzakan-Yerevan» drinking water main pipelines have been presented as an example of proposal implementation. According to estimations, the small hydroelectric power plant on the Yerevan water pipeline could produce 90 million kWh of electricity per year. It should be noted that the water supply system in Yerevan has around 300 half-open valves and pressure control devices, and in case of conversion of many of them, it is possible to apply the suggestion given in the article.
Downloads
References
Mao Yushi, Sheng Hong, Yang Fuqiang, The True Cost of Coal. The China Sustainable Energy Program / WWF, China, 2010.
Judith A. Barry, The Alliance to Save Energy. Energy and Water Efficiency in Municipal Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Washington, 2007.
The Millennium Development Goals Report. United Nations, New York, 2011.
A. Ya. Margaryan, Hidravlikakan harvats yev khoghovakashareri pashtpanut’yun. Printing and Information Center of YSUAC, Yerevan, 2010 (in Armenian).
Enrique Cabrera, Miguel A. Pardo, Ricardo Cobacho, Enrique Cabrera Jr., Energy Audit of Water Networks. Water Resources Planning and Management, 136 (6), 2010, 669–677.
Jos Frijns, R. Middleton, Cora A Uijterlinde, G. Wheale, Energy Efficiency in the European Water Industry: Learning from Best Practices. Water and Climate Change, 3 (1), 2012, 11-17.
R. A. Dias, Impacts of Equipment Replacement in the Energy Conservation Process (M.Sc. Dissertation Mechanical Engineering). Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Guaratinguetá, 1999 (in Portuguese).
J. S. Ramos, H. M. Ramos, Sustainable Application of Renewable Sources in Water Pumping Systems: Optimized Energy System Configuration. Energy Policy, 37 (2), 2009, 633-643.
Nicola Fontana, Maurizio Giugni, Davide Portolano, Losses Reduction and Energy Production in Water-Distribution Networks. Water Resources Planning and Management, 138 (3), 2012, 237–244.
F. Vieira, H. M. Ramos, Hybrid Solution and Pump-Storage Optimization in Water Supply System Efficiency: A case study. Energy Policy, 36 (11), 2008, 4142-4148.
Alina I. Racoviceanu, Bryan W. Karney, Christopher A. Kennedy, Andrew F. Colombo, Life-Cycle Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Water Treatment Systems. Infrastructure Systems, 13 (4), 2007, 261-270. DOI: 10.1061/(Asce)1076-0342(2007)13:4(261)
J. M. Anderson, Integrating Recycled Water into Urban Water Supply Solutions. Desalination, 187 (1-3), 2006, 1–9.
Francesc Hernández-Sancho, Ramón Sala-Garrido, Technical Efficiency and Cost Analysis in Wastewater Treatment Processes: A DEA approach. Desalination, 249 (1), 2009, 230–234.
F. Hernández-Sancho, M. Molinos-Senante, R. Sala-Garrido, Energy Efficiency in Spanish Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Non-radial DEA approach. Science of the Total Environment, 409 (14), 2011, 2693-2699.
Arani Kajenthira, Afreen Siddiqi, Laura Diaz Anadon, A New Case for Promoting Wastewater Reuse in Saudi Arabia: Bringing Energy into the Water Equation. Environmental Management, 102, 2012, 184-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.023
Margareta Lundin, Gregory M. Morrison, A Life Cycle Assessment Based Procedure for Development of Environmental Sustainability Indicators for Urban Water Systems. Urban Water, 4 (2), 2002, 145–152.
Yves R. Filion, Heather L. MacLean, Bryan W. Karney, Life-Cycle Energy Analysis of a Water Distribution System. Infrastructure Systems, 10 (3), 2004, 120–130.
Jennifer Stokes, Arpad Horvath, Life-Cycle Assessment of Urban Water Provision: Tool and Case Study in California. Infrastructure Systems, 17(1), 2011, 15-24. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000036
C. Makropoulos, D. Butler, Distributed Water Infrastructure for Sustainable Communities. Water Resources Management, 24, (11), 2010, 2795–2816. DOI:10.1007/s11269-010-9580-5
Monique Retamal, Andrea J Turner, Unpacking the Energy Implications of Distributed Water Infrastructure: How are Rainwater Systems Performing? Water Science & Technology Water Supply, 10 (4),2010, 546-553. DOI:10.2166/ws.2010.136
Yves Filion, Impact of Urban Form on Energy Use in Water Distribution Systems. Infrastructure Systems, 2008, 14 (4), 337–346. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2008)14:4(337)
Yu. Landau, L. Sirenko, Gidroenergetika i okruzhayushchaya sreda. Libra, Kiev, 2004 (in Russian).
A. Ya. Markaryan, V. O. Tokmadzhyan, Regulirovaniye proizvoditel'nosti nasosov s tsel'yu predotvrashcheniya kavitatsionnykh yavleniy. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Water: Ecology and Technology, ECWATECH-2006, part 1, Moscow, 2006, p. 566 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Aram Ashot Sahakyan, Elena Gennady Tsurikova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC). CC BY-NC allows users to copy and distribute the article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes. The users may adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material giving appropriate credit, providing a link to the license. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.